: For users without root, tools like Eros Samsung Flasher allow firmware flashing via an OTG connection to another Android device without requiring root on either phone.
The last compatible Samsung chipset was Exynos 5420 (Galaxy Note 3/4). Modern Samsung devices (Exynos 990, 2100, Snapdragon 888+) use super partitions ( super.img ) and vbmeta verification. Mobile Odin cannot parse these. Mobile Odin Pro Apk No Root