A non-DRAP digital spirometer from Daraz or Alibaba may cost PKR 15,000, but you cannot legally use it for a medico-legal report. Hospitals caught using unregistered devices face fines.

Pakistan imposes significant import duties and taxes on medical electronic equipment. A device manufactured in the USA or Italy will have higher freight costs and import duties compared to bulk imports from China. Furthermore, the fluctuation of the directly impacts the retail price of imported medical equipment.