Track Geotechnology And Substructure Management [top]

In cold climates, ice lenses form in the subgrade. In winter, the track lifts uniformly. In spring, as the ice melts, the subgrade becomes a saturated sponge. The track modulus can drop by 70% during "breakup," leading to speed restrictions and derailment risks.

Despite progress, key challenges remain: Track Geotechnology and Substructure Management