Windows loads a custom .inf driver that may include proprietary initialization sequences. Linux’s open-source btusb may lack that exact initialization. Try different USB ports or a powered USB hub.
sudo pacman -S bluez bluez-utils blueman csr 4.0 bluetooth driver linux
Verify that the btusb module is loaded:
is a graphical Bluetooth manager that often handles CSR devices better than default system trays. Windows loads a custom