Oswald Spengler (1880–1936) published the first volume of The Decline of the West in 1918, as Germany was collapsing after WWI. The Romanian intellectual milieu embraced Spengler surprisingly fast. Translators like and Ioan Luchian made Spengler accessible to a Latin audience living among Slavic and Orthodox cultures. For Romanians, caught between the West (Romanity) and the East (Orthodoxy and Ottoman legacy), Spengler’s diagnosis of the “Faustian soul” offered a mirror.
Around this section, Spengler discusses the contrast between ( Kultur ) and Civilization ( Zivilisation ). He argues that Culture represents the creative, spiritual, and artistic aspects of a society, while Civilization represents the external, material, and mechanistic aspects. oswald spengler declinul occidentului pdf 54
Spengler respinge viziunea liniară a istoriei (antic-medieval-modern) și propune o abordare organică. El consideră că istoria universală este formată din unități independente numite , care funcționează ca niște organisme vii: Oswald Spengler (1880–1936) published the first volume of