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4.4.14.3 IMAP
.. ( )

IMAP 4.1
A.

IMAP 4.1 (INTERNET MESSAGE ACCESS PROTOCOL - VERSION 4rev1, V.Crispin, RFC-2060, December 1996) TCP 143. IMAP 993. IMAP POP-3. - .


POP3 IMAP ( ).

Chanakya Kodishala Review

IMAP 4.1 . , . , , , CRLF. ( ) , .

Chanakya Kodishala Review

. - ( - , A0001, A0002 ..), (tag). . , , , . - , (. ). - (. authenticate). , . "+".

: , , , bad , - .

( ) . , , . .

IMAP 4.1 , , , . .

Chanakya Kodishala Review

, , , , "*" .

. .

. , , . , , , . : ok ( ), no ( ) bad ( , , ).

IMAP 4.1 . , "*" "+".

. , . , , .

. .

IMAP 4.1 .

Chanakya Kodishala Review

32- , 64- , . , UID, .

, , . [IMAP-DISC].

UID uidvalidity (ok) . UID - , UID .


UID . IMAP, UID , UID .

UID . , UID. UID 32- . 1, , , .

UID , . UID , , UID .

, 1. 1 , .

. , , . , .

, . , 287 , 523 , UID 12345, 286 , UID 236 UID.

Chanakya Kodishala Review

, . . IMAP 4.1. .

, . "\". (\deleted \seen) , . :

\seen
\answered
\flagged "" ,
\deleted expunge
\draft (, ).
\recent . , ; \recent. .

, , . . "\". . ; , .


\recent . \recent store, .

. , [RFC-822], . [SMTP], . , IMAP 4.1 copy, . IMAP 4.1 append, , append.

( [RFC-822]). [RFC-822]. [MIME-IMB]. , RFC-822, IMAP 4.1 . .

Chanakya Kodishala Review

IMAP 4.1 . . , . bad no .

, . , .

, . , .

, . .


Chanakya Kodishala

. 4.4.14.2.1. IMAP

(1) C ( OK)
(2) C ( PREAUTH)
(3) ( BYE)
(4) LOGIN AUTHENTICATE
(5) SELECT EXAMINE
(6) CLOSE, SELECT EXAMINE
(7) LOGOUT, ,

Chanakya Kodishala Review

IMAP 4.1 . IMAP 4.1 : , , , , NIL.

.

.

: . . , , , .

( CR LF). , . , CRLF. CRLF . , .

7- CR LF, (<">). "" {0}, CRLF.

: , , .

Chanakya Kodishala Review

8- [MIME-IMB]. IMAP 4.1 8- , , [CHARSET]. BINARY, . " " - NUL . , BASE64, . CTL .

Chanakya Kodishala Review

, , . . () - .

Chanakya Kodishala Review

"NIL" - . "" ().

Chanakya Kodishala Review

. INBOX , " " ( ). . , .

Chanakya Kodishala Review

, "#" . , , USENET "#news", . , comp.mail.misc "#news.comp.mail.misc", "comp.mail.misc" (., ).

Chanakya Kodishala Review

UTF-7, [UTF-7]. , UTF-7:

  1. UTF-7 "+" ; "+" , USENET.
  2. UTF-7 BASE64, "/", "/" .
  3. UTF-7 "\"; "\" .
  4. UTF-7 "~", , , (home).
  5. UTF-7 , , US-ASCII .

UTF-7, US-ASCII "&" ; , 0x20-0x25 0x27-0x7e. "&" (0x26) "&-". ( 0x00-0x1f, 0x7f-0xff, 16- ) BASE64, [UTF-7]. BASE64 US-ASCII, .

"&" BASE64 "-" US-ASCII. US-ASCII, US-ASCII ( , , 16- , "-"). , , : ~peter/mail/&ZeVnLIqe-/&U,BTFw-

Chanakya Kodishala Review

, . , . , , , , (, ), . , . , . , ( EXPUNGE). . , .

Chanakya Kodishala Review

( EXPUNGE), . , , . , (1) , , (2) .

Chanakya Kodishala Review

, , , 30 . .

Chanakya Kodishala Review

, , .

, . , , - . , .

, , FETCH STORE .

, EXPUNGE ( FETCH, STORE SEARCH), EXPUNGE . FETCH, STORE SEARCH, EXPUNGE, . , , FETCH, STORE SEARCH, , , . , ( ) :

FETCH + NOOP + STORE
STORE + COPY + FETCH
COPY + COPY
CHECK + FETCH

, :

FETCH + STORE + SEARCH + CHECK
STORE + COPY + EXPUNGE

Chanakya Kodishala Review

IMAP 4.1. , .

Chanakya Kodishala Review

: CAPABILITY, NOOP LOGOUT.

5.1.1. CAPABILITY

: .
: : CAPABILITY.
: OK - ;
BAD - <./p>

CAPABILITY , . CAPABILITY "IMAP 4.1" , OK. . , CAPABILITY . , "AUTH=" , . . , "blurdybloop" "AUTH=XBLURDYBLOOP", "XAUTH=BLURDYBLOOP" "XAUTH=XBLURDYBLOOP".

, .

: C: abcd CAPABILITY
S: * CAPABILITY IMAP 4.1 AUTH=KERBEROS_V4
S: abcd OK CAPABILITY completed

5.1.2. NOOP

: .
: .
: OK - ;
BAD - ;
NOOP .

, NOOP , . NOOP - .

: C: a002 NOOP
S: a002 OK NOOP completed
. . .
C: a047 NOOP
S: * 22 EXPUNGE
S: * 23 EXISTS
S: * 3 RECENT
S: * 14 FETCH (FLAGS (\Seen \Deleted))
S: a047 OK NOOP completed

5.1.3. LOGOUT

: .
: BYE.
: OK - ;
BAD - .

LOGOUT , . BYE, OK, .

: C: A023 LOGOUT
S: * BYE IMAP 4.1 Server logging out
S: A023 OK LOGOUT completed
( )

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, AUTHENTICATE LOGIN . IMAP RFC-1731. AUTHENTICATE , LOGIN .

. LOGIN "anonymous". . .

. (CAPABILITY, NOOP LOGOUT), : AUTHENTICATE LOGIN.

5.2.1. AUTHENTICATE

: .
: .

OK , " ";
NO : , ;
BAD , .

AUTHENTICATE , [IMAP-AUTH]. , . . , AUTHENTICATE NO.

. - "+", BASE64. , BASE64. , , "*". , AUTHENTICATE, BAD.

. , , . CRLF, , CRLF OK . , . , , . - .

. ; - . AUTHENTICATE NO, , AUTHENTICATE, LOGIN. , , LOGIN .

: S: * OK KerberosV4 IMAP4rev1 Server
C: A001 AUTHENTICATE KERBEROS_V4
S: + AmFYig==
C: BAcAQU5EUkVXLkNNVS5FRFUAOCAsho84kLN3/IJmrMG+25a4DT
+nZImJjnTNHJUtxAA+o0KPKfHEcAFs9a3CL5Oebe/ydHJUwYFd
WwuQ1MWiy6IesKvjL5rL9WjXUb9MwT9bpObYLGOKi1Qh
S: + or//EoAADZI=
C: DiAF5A4gA+oOIALuBkAAmw==
S: A001 OK Kerberos V4 authentication successful

5.2.2. LOGIN

: , .
: - .
: OK - login , ;
NO - login : ;
BAD - .

LOGIN .

: C: a001 LOGIN SMITH SESAME
S: a001 OK LOGIN completed

Chanakya Kodishala Review

" " , -. SELECT EXAMINE "" .

(CAPABILITY, NOOP LOGOUT), " " : SELECT, EXAMINE, CREATE, DELETE, RENAME, SUBSCRIBE, UNSUBSCRIBE, LIST, LSUB, STATUS APPEND.

5.3.1. SELECT

: .
: : FLAGS, EXISTS, RECENT;
OK: UNSEEN, PERMANENTFLAGS.

: OK - , "";
NO - : , ;
BAD - .

SELECT , , . OK, :

FLAGS - , .
<n> EXISTS .
<n> RECENT \Recent.
OK [UIDVALIDITY <n> ] .

"" OK, .

, FLAGS, OK PERMANENTFLAGS, , .

. . SELECT . , , SELECT , . , OK "[READ-WRITE]".

, , " " OK SELECT "[READ-ONLY]". " " , EXAMINE, . .newsrc , " ".

: C: A142 SELECT INBOX
S: * 172 EXISTS
S: * 1 RECENT
S: * OK [UNSEEN 12] Message 12 is first unseen
S: * OK [UIDVALIDITY 3857529045] UIDs valid
S: * FLAGS (\Answered \Flagged \Deleted \Seen \Draft)
S: * OK [PERMANENTFLAGS (\Deleted \Seen \*)] Limited
S: A142 OK [READ-WRITE] SELECT completed

5.3.2. EXAMINE

: .
: : FLAGS, EXISTS, RECENT;
OK: UNSEEN, PERMANENTFLAGS.

: OK , " " ;
NO , " "; ; ;
BAD .

EXAMINE SELECT , , " ". . OK EXAMINE "[READ-ONLY]".

: C: A932 EXAMINE blurdybloop
S: * 17 EXISTS
S: * 2 RECENT
S: * OK [UNSEEN 8] Message 8 is first unseen
S: * OK [UIDVALIDITY 3857529045] UIDs valid
S: * FLAGS (\Answered \Flagged \Deleted \Seen \Draft)
S: * OK [PERMANENTFLAGS ()] No permanent flags permitted
S: A932 OK [READ-ONLY] EXAMINE completed

5.3.3. CREATE

: .
: - .

OK ;
NO : ;
BAD .

CREATE . OK , . INBOX , , . NO.

( , LIST), . , , .

- - , , CREATE. , "foo/bar/zap" , "/" , foo/ foo/bar/, .

, , , UID.

: C: A003 CREATE owatagusiam/
S: A003 OK CREATE completed
C: A004 CREATE owatagusiam/blurdybloop
S: A004 OK CREATE completed

: , "/" . "/" , "owatagusiam" "blurdybloop". .

5.3.4. DELETE

: .
: - .
: OK - ;
NO - : ;
BAD - .

DELETE . OK , . INBOX .

DELETE , . , "foo" "foo.bar" (, "." ), "foo" "foo.bar". , , \Noselect.

, , \Noselect. , \Noselect.

, , UID.

: C: A682 LIST "" *
S: * LIST () "/" blurdybloop
S: * LIST (\Noselect) "/" foo
S: * LIST () "/" foo/bar
S: A682 OK LIST completed
C: A683 DELETE blurdybloop
S: A683 OK DELETE completed
C: A684 DELETE foo
S: A684 NO Name "foo" has inferior hierarchical names
C: A685 DELETE foo/bar
S: A685 OK DELETE Completed
C: A686 LIST "" *
S: * LIST (\Noselect) "/" foo
S: A686 OK LIST completed
C: A687 DELETE foo
S: A687 OK DELETE Completed
C: A82 LIST "" *
S: * LIST () "." blurdybloop
S: * LIST () "." foo
S: * LIST () "." foo.bar
S: A82 OK LIST completed
C: A83 DELETE blurdybloop
S: A83 OK DELETE completed
C: A84 DELETE foo
S: A84 OK DELETE Completed
C: A85 LIST "" *
S: * LIST () "." foo.bar
S: A85 OK LIST completed
C: A86 LIST "" %
S: * LIST (\Noselect) "." foo
S: A86 OK LIST completed

5.3.5. RENAME

: , .
: - .

: OK ;
NO : , ;
BAD .

RENAME . OK , . . NO.

, . , "foo" "zap" "foo/bar" (, "/" ) "zap/bar".

, , UID.

INBOX , . , INBOX . INBOX, INBOX.

: C: A682 LIST "" *
S: * LIST () "/" blurdybloop
S: * LIST (\Noselect) "/" foo
S: * LIST () "/" foo/bar
S: A682 OK LIST completed
C: A683 RENAME blurdybloop sarasoop
S: A683 OK RENAME completed
C: A684 RENAME foo zowie
S: A684 OK RENAME Completed
C: A685 LIST "" *
S: * LIST () "/" sarasoop
S: * LIST (\Noselect) "/" zowie
S: * LIST () "/" zowie/bar
S: A685 OK LIST completed
C: Z432 LIST "" *
S: * LIST () "." INBOX
S: * LIST () "." INBOX.bar
S: Z432 OK LIST completed
C: Z433 RENAME INBOX old-mail
S: Z433 OK RENAME completed
C: Z434 LIST "" *
S: * LIST () "." INBOX
S: * LIST () "." INBOX.bar
S: * LIST () "." old-mail
S: Z434 OK LIST completed

5.3.6. SUBSCRIBE

: .
: - .
: OK - ;
NO - : ;
BAD - .

SUBSCRIBE "" "" , LSUB. OK .

SUBSCRIBE, . , .

: , , , "system-alerts") , .

: C: A002 SUBSCRIBE #news.comp.mail.mime
S: A002 OK SUBSCRIBE completed

5.3.7. UNSUBSCRIBE

: .
: - .
: OK - ;
NO - : ;
BAD - .

UNSUBSCRIBE "" "" , LSUB. OK , .

: C: A002 UNSUBSCRIBE #news.comp.mail.mime
S: A002 OK UNSUBSCRIBE completed

5.3.8. LIST

: ,
(wildcard).
: LIST.

: OK list ;
NO : list ;
BAD .

LIST , . LIST, , .

LIST . , (\Marked \Unmarked) , , 1200 20 .

, (""), , , SELECT. . , . ("") , . , , , . . , , .

- . .

, , . , . , . , .

, UNIX:

~smith/Mail/ foo.* ~smith/Mail/foo.*
Archive/ % archive/%
#news. comp.mail.* #news.comp.mail.*
~smith/Mail/ /usr/doc/foo /usr/doc/foo
archive/ ~fred/Mail/* ~fred/Mail/*

. , "~smith/Mail" - "/u2/users/smith/Mail", , .

"*" (wildcard), . "%" "*", . "%" , . , , \Noselect. , (wildcard). , UNIX "*" , "/" .

INBOX LIST, INBOX , "INBOX", , .

: C: A101 LIST "" ""

S: * LIST (\Noselect) "/" ""
S: A101 OK LIST Completed
C: A102 LIST #news.comp.mail.misc ""
S: * LIST (\Noselect) "." #news.
S: A102 OK LIST Completed
C: A103 LIST /usr/staff/jones ""
S: * LIST (\Noselect) "/" /
S: A103 OK LIST Completed
C: A202 LIST ~/Mail/ %
S: * LIST (\Noselect) "/" ~/Mail/foo
S: * LIST () "/" ~/Mail/meetings
S: A202 OK LIST completed

5.3.9. LSUB

: -,
(wildcards).
: : LSUB

: OK ;
NO : ;
BAD .

LSUB , "" "". LSUB. LSUB , LIST.

, , . , LSUB \Noselect. , .

: C: A002 LSUB "#news." "comp.mail.*"
S: * LSUB () "." #news.comp.mail.mime
S: * LSUB () "." #news.comp.mail.misc
S: A002 OK LSUB completed

5.3.10. STATUS

: , .
: : STATUS.
: OK - ;
NO - : ;
BAD - .

STATUS . - ( STATUS \Recent).

STATUS IMAP 4.1 EXAMINE , , .

LIST, STATUS . " ", . , STATUS . , :

MESSAGES
RECENT \Recent
UIDNEXT , . , , . UID , .
UIDVALIDITY
UNSEEN , \Seen

: C: A042 STATUS blurdybloop (UIDNEXT MESSAGES)
S: * STATUS blurdybloop (MESSAGES 231 UIDNEXT 44292)
S: A042 OK STATUS completed

5.3.11. APPEND

: ,
- ,
- ,

: -

: OK
NO : , /,
BAD

APPEND . [RFC-822]. 8- . , 8- , 8- APPEND 7-, [MIME-IMB]. , , .

date_time, , , . append - , , APPEND.

, , . , , "[TRYCREATE]" NO. CREATE, , , APPEND.

, . , EXISTS. , APPEND NOOP ( CHECK).

: C: A003 APPEND saved-messages (\Seen) {310}
C: Date: Mon, 7 Feb 1994 21:52:25 -0800 (PST)
C: From: Fred Foobar
C: Subject: afternoon meeting
C: To: mooch@owatagu.siam.edu
C: Message-Id:
C: MIME-Version: 1.0
C: Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; CHARSET=US-ASCII
C:
C: Hello Joe, do you think we can meet at 3:30 tomorrow?
C:
S: A003 OK APPEND completed

: APPEND , [SMTP].

Chanakya Kodishala Review

" ", , . (CAPABILITY, NOOP LOGOUT), (SELECT, EXAMINE, CREATE, DELETE, RENAME, SUBSCRIBE, UNSUBSCRIBE, LIST, LSUB, STATUS APPEND), : CHECK, CLOSE, EXPUNGE, SEARCH, FETCH, STORE, COPY UID.

5.4.1. CHECK

: .
: - ;
: OK - ;
BAD - .

CHECK . , (, ). , NOOP.

, CHECK . NOOP, CHECK.

: C: FXXZ CHECK
S: FXXZ OK CHECK Completed

5.4.2. CLOSE

: .
: - .
: OK - , " ";
NO - , ;
BAD - .

CLOSE , \Deleted, " ". EXPUNGE .

, EXAMINE " ".

, SELECT, EXAMINE LOGOUT CLOSE. SELECT, EXAMINE LOGOUT . , CLOSE-LOGOUT CLOSE-SELECT , EXPUNGE-LOGOUT EXPUNGE-SELECT, EXPUNGE ( ).

: C: A341 CLOSE
S: A341 OK CLOSE completed

5.4.3. EXPUNGE

: .
: : EXPUNGE.
: OK - ;
NO - : (, );
BAD - .

EXPUNGE , \Deleted. OK, EXPUNGE .

: C: A202 EXPUNGE
S: * 3 EXPUNGE
S: * 3 EXPUNGE
S: * 5 EXPUNGE
S: * 8 EXPUNGE
S: A202 OK EXPUNGE completed

: , 3, 4, 7 11 \Deleted. , .

5.4.4. SEARCH

: , [CHARSET]-.
( ).
: : SEARCH.
: OK - ;
NO - : ;
BAD -

SEARCH , . . SEARCH , .

, ( AND) , . , DELETED FROM "SMITH" SINCE 1-Feb-1994 , 1- 1994. (, OR NOT).

[CHARSET] "CHARSET", [CHARSET]. [CHARSET] , . [MIME-IMB] [MIME-HDRS] [RFC-822]/[MIME-IMB] , [CHARSET], US-ASCII. US-ASCII , . [CHARSET], NO ( BAD).

, , , . . .

< > ,
ALL . AND
ANSWERED \Answered.
BCC <> , BCC .
BEFORE <> , .
BODY <> , .
CC <> , CC .
DELETED \Deleted.
DRAFT \Draft.
FLAGGED c \Flagged.
FROM <> , FROM .
HEADER < > <> , ( [RFC-822]) .
KEYWORD <> .
LARGER <n> [RFC-822] .
NEW , \Recent, \Seen. "(RECENT UNSEEN)".
NOT < > , .
OLD , \Recent. "NOT RECENT" ( "NOT NEW").
ON <> , .
OR < 1> < 2> , .
RECENT , \Recent.
SEEN , \Seen.
SENTBEFORE <> , , [RFC-822].
SENTON <> , , [RFC-822]
SENTSINCE <> , , [RFC-822]: .
SINCE <> , .
SMALLER <n> [RFC-822] .
SUBJECT <> , SUBJECT .
TEXT <> ,
TO <> , TO.
UID < > , .
UNANSWERED <>, \Answered.
UNDELETED , \Deleted.
UNDRAFT , \Draft.
UNFLAGGED , \Flagged.
UNKEYWORD <> , .
UNSEEN , \Seen.

: C: A282 SEARCH FLAGGED SINCE 1-Feb-1994 NOT FROM "Smith"
S: * SEARCH 2 84 882
S: A282 OK SEARCH completed

5.4.5. FETCH

: ,
.
: : FETCH
: OK - ;
NO - : ;
BAD - .

FETCH , . , . , :

ALL : (FLAGS INTERNALDATE RFC822.SIZE ENVELOPE)
BODY BODYSTRUCTURE.
BODY[

Chanakya Kodishala Review

Hypertension, depression, and active RA are major dementia risk factors [3, 6]. Impact of COVID-19 on Rheumatic Diseases in India International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases

As the ancient Chanakya once wrote, “The best victory is when the opponent is not only defeated but also transformed into a friend.” In the world of finance, Chanakya Kodishala is transforming the invisible into the bankable—and that is a victory for us all.

This article is based on publicly available information and industry analysis. For the latest updates on Chanakya Kodishala and FinVu, please refer to official company press releases and regulatory filings. Chanakya Kodishala

He has led significant studies on how active RA and cardiovascular disease increase the risk of dementia .

Kodishala has also investigated the association between sleep disorders and RA, contributing to research presented at major conferences like ACR Convergence 2023 . Global Collaborations Hypertension, depression, and active RA are major dementia

No article about Chanakya Kodishala would be complete without acknowledging the hurdles. The fintech sector in India is heavily regulated, and navigating the RBI’s guidelines on digital lending has been a minefield. Kodishala has had to ensure that FinVu remains compliant with data privacy laws, fair lending practices, and interest rate caps—all while fending off competition from deep-pocketed fintech unicorns.

Note: As Chanakya Kodishala is not a widely recognized public figure (as of my current knowledge), this piece is structured as a template or introductory sketch. To personalize it, please add specific achievements, affiliations, or projects from his actual background. For the latest updates on Chanakya Kodishala and

What sets Chanakya Kodishala apart from the typical founder is his philosophical approach to leadership. Drawing inspiration from his namesake’s Arthashastra , Kodishala believes that a business must serve the kingdom (the economy) while protecting its own treasury (profitability). He often states in interviews, “Financial inclusion is not charity; it is good business. When you give the right tools to a small business owner, you generate returns not just for your investors, but for the entire economic ecosystem.”