Focuses on physical design (e.g., preventing foot entrapment), obstacle avoidance, and safety-related control systems.
: Trucks must have automatic braking systems that trigger during power loss or control failures. They must also monitor speed to ensure stability during all movements Operating Zones
Lithium-ion batteries represent a fire risk. ISO 3691-4 requires automatic battery disconnect during charging faults, thermal runaway monitoring, and specific protection against hydrogen explosion for lead-acid batteries.