[1] Chen, Y., et al. “Danmaku: A New Form of Social Interaction in Online Video.” ACM CHI 2017 . [2] Bilibili Inc. “Live Streaming Technical Whitepaper” (2022). [3] Zhang, L. “QoE Optimization for Bullet-Screen Video Streaming.” IEEE Trans. on Multimedia , 2021.

Veteran users have developed a shorthand. Seeing "???" flood the screen indicates confusion at a plot hole. "前方高能" (High energy ahead) warns of an upcoming intense moment. "注孤生" (Destined to be alone) appears during a socially awkward romantic scene. This language is exclusive to the ecosystem.

: Viewers can toggle danmaku on or off, filter specific keywords, or change the transparency and size of the text to prevent it from blocking the visuals. 2. High-Definition Animation & Video