Engineers often assume the worst-case scenario (Se=4 for everything) to "be safe." This leads to over-engineering and exorbitant costs (SIL 3 relays for a paper cutter). Se must be physically plausible , not remotely imaginable .
The most relevant standards for machinery safety are: iec risk assessment calculator
At its core, this calculator automates the extensive mathematical modeling required to determine if a structure needs a Lightning Protection System (LPS). Manual calculations for a typical commercial building can take over 25 hours and are prone to peer-review errors; professional software reduces this to just a few hours. Key Components of the Assessment Engineers often assume the worst-case scenario (Se=4 for
Falls into Class II (Medium/High Risk) . The calculator will display: "Required SIL = 2" or "Risk reduction required via safety control system." Manual calculations for a typical commercial building can