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If you have non-normal data, a small sample size, or formative measurement models, SmartPLS 4 is the superior choice.

PLS-SEM has often been criticized for its inability to empirically test whether a construct is reflective or formative. SmartPLS 4 includes CTA-PLS, an automated procedure that helps researchers statistically justify their measurement model specification, removing the guesswork from model design. Download Smartpls 4

After submitting the form, SmartPLS GmbH will send you an email within 2 minutes. This email contains: If you have non-normal data, a small sample