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Replace ( dr ) using hydrostatic equilibrium: ( dP/dr = -G m \rho / r^2 ). The ratio of the actual temperature gradient to the adiabatic gradient gives the Schwarzschild criterion for convection : [ \nabla_\textrad = \frac3\kappa L P64\pi G M a c T^4 ] When ( \nabla_\textrad > \nabla_\textad ), convection occurs. For a monatomic ideal gas, ( \nabla_\textad = 0.4 ). The solution to this inequality determines the boundary of the solar convection zone. For a monatomic ideal gas, ( \nabla_\textad = 0
: Examines the "end states" of stellar life, including white dwarfs, neutron stars, and black holes. General Relativity and Cosmology
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